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The Ornamental Toranas (Gateways) of the Fort |
![](http://dilipkumar.in/cms/editor/userfiles/image/rani_rudrama_devi.jpg)
Rani Rudrama Devi |
The perception of the history of the past has often been primarily
from male point of view. That’s why it is called “His”tory
rather than “her”story or “their”story. Isn’t it? Generally all the
historical writings relegated women to background.
The activities of men are mostly projected while that of women were
ignored and were almost neglected. The administrative abilities of women
generally never surface in the history pages. So here I present the life
of a Medieval Queen of Deccan - Rani Rudrama Devi.
Rani Rudrama Devi 1259 to 1289 AD was one of the most prominent
rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, being one of the
few ruling
queens in Indian history. She shines gloriously in the medieval history
of South India. She was the only child of King Ganapathi Dava who ruled
at
Warangal the capital of Kakateeya Dynasty that had sway over entire
Telangana ( Present Andhra Pradesh State) and most of the Andhra
provinces
during 13 th century.
Kakatiyas of Warangal are one of the major dynasties that ruled over
Andhra and shaped its history and civilization. The foundation of
kakatiya
empire was laid in land lying between Godavari and Krishan on a hillock
called Hanumakonda. The Story of the builders of the empire goes back
to the
eight and ninth centuries of Christian Era. With Orugallu(now known as
Warangal) as their capital the kaktiyas ruled over the Telugu country
from
about 1150 AD to 1323 AD.
Coronation
![]() |
The Remnants of the Warangal Fort |
Ganapati Deva after taking advice from the illustrious Prime
Minister Sivadevayya nominated Rudrama Devi as his successor in his last
days. When
she was only fourteen years old, Rani Rudramma Devi succeeded her
father. In the first two or three years of her conjoint rule with her
father, the
kingdom was thrown into confusion and disorder due to Jatavarma Sundara
Pandya I's invasion and the disastrous defeat of the Kakatiyas along
with
their allies on the battle field of Muttukur near Nellore. Though
Ganapati was ultimately successful in turning back the tide of
invasion, yet he
suffered loss of territory end prestige and his hold over his
feudatories and nobles was shaken. Under these circumstances, he
retired from active
politics. So the real power vested with Rani Rudrama Devi. She used to
look after all the administrative matters. From various inscriptions it
seems
that she started ruling independently from 1261.
She lost both her husband and father in 1266-1267.That was a heavy
blow and she was unable to take up so much grief. She was totally
devastated
and it was learnt that she decided to die, but was persuaded by her
nobles and ministers to look after the Kingdom.And finally she was
coronated in
1269 AD.
Sailing Brave In the Whirl of Attacks
A lady being made a king of vast Empire was no doubt resented by
some nobles and her cousins who later raised banner of revolt. Even
Veera
Bhadra(Her Husband) also was jealous of Rudrmadevi ruling the land. She
wore male attire and sat on the throne and with iron hand ruled the
kingdom keeping the enemies at bay. Pandyas and Cholas from the south
Indian peninsula were also great threat and she kept them at bay with
great
vigour. After her accession she had to fight Harihara deva and
Murarideva the cousins who revolted against the lady ruler. She had some
efficient
nobles like Jaganni deva and Gona Ganna reddy who helped her greatly in
suppressing revolts.
With regard to the external dangers, the Kalinga King Narasimha I
who suffered a defeat previously at the hands of Ganapatideva, taking
advantage
of the distracted condition in the Kakatiya dominions, marched with his
forces into the Godavari delta to recover his lost possessons. In the
later
part of the reign of Rudramadevi, the above provinces came back under
her sway. Her commanders Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka fought against
Kalinga
Vira Bhanudeva I. son and successor of Narasimha I and his accomplices
Arjunadeva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi and others and inflicted a
crushing
defeat on them. The Kakatiya power was thus re-established in the
coastal Andhra country.
But the biggest threat came from the West in the form of Seuna
Yadavas of Devagiri. Rudramadevi defeated Mahadeva Raja the Seuna Yadava
Ruler of
Devagiri ( Daulatabad in Aurangabad District at present in Maharashtra
state)who invaded Warangal ( earlier known as Orugallu or
Ekasilanagaramu)
fort, the capital of Kakateeya empire and chased him away. Mahadeva was
desirous to take the advantage of internal unrest in the kakateya
Empire
coupled by a Lady at the top. But little was known to him of her valor
and administrative capabilities. She crossed Godavari chasing the
yadava ruler
right into his territories and forced him to make peace. The Devagiri
King had to pay great amount of ransom to the queen and made peace.
Although
such treasures gained after victory belonged to the royal house she
magnanimously she distributed the wealth among her troops most
graciously.
Tussle with Ambadeva and Death
An NDTV video on Warangal Fort
A TV9 Telugu video on Chandragutla Epigraph |
In the south the Nellore kingdom came under the sway of the Pandyas
and was placed under their vassals. The Kayastha chief Jannigadeva
re-occupied the territories of the Nelluru kingdom and freed thus from
the Pandyan sway. He and his brother Tripurarideva I (1270-72 A.D.)
continued
to rule the Valluru kingdom as the vassals of Rudramadevi. However with
the succession of their younger brother AMBADEVA to the throne in 1272
A.D.,
the situation underwent a change.
Ambadeva was ambitious and powerful. From the beginning, he resolved
to resuscitate the fortunes of his family and carve out an independent
kingdom for himself. To pursue these objects, he was in constant wars
with his neighbours during his long reign of thirty-two years. With his
conquests, Gandtkota, Mulikinadu, Renadu. Sakilinadu, Eruva and
Pottapinadu were added to the Kayastha kingdom. He restored
Manumagandagopala
on the throne of Nellore and made him his vassal. The Pandyas, who
attempted to restore their sway here, were defeated and driven away. As
a result
of this, the Pandyan suzerainty in Andhradesa came to an end. But the
establishment of a strong, extensive and independent Kayastha kingdom
in the
southern parts, gave a jolt to the imperial authority of the Kakatiyas.
Rudramadevi could not tolerate the headstrong and disloyal Ambadeva.
By that time Prataprudra her Grandson become old enough to share the
responsibilities of the administration. He was of great valor and
extraordinary war planner. He planned a three prong attack on the
Ambadeva . The
intention is to weaken all his support systems so that he don’t have
enough strength. Of the three , the first was led by the Old Queen
Rudrama Devi and her general Mallikarjuna. However, as the recently
discovered Chandupatla (Nalgonda district) grant dated 25th November,
1289 A.D.
indicates, Ambadeva seems to have killed Rudrama along with
Mallikarjuna Nayaka in battle in that year. At the time of battle Rani
Rudrama Devi is
more than 80 years old. Inspite of that old age, with a huge army which
marches on her orders, she chose to step in and lead the battle to leave
this
world as a Veera Vanitha battling till her last breathe (Brave Lady).
Adjacent Video of TV9 (telugu) is about Chandupatla Epigraph.
However the Army of Rudrama Devi was victorious and later
Prataparudra II, successor of Rudrama succeeded in completely
suppressing the Kayastha
revolt . Ambadeva was left with no shape and size to rethink of
attacking Kakateeya Empire.
Her Rule and Patronage
Mela Prapti: This is the starting dance item of Perini Sivatandavam, is also called as Melavimpu or Mela Prapti, the blending of the seven talas at the beginning of the performance. It begins with the playing of Mridangam, Taalam, Nandi Mardhanam, Air instruments combined together. This is the most important and toughest past of Perini Sivatandavam. |
Among Rani Rudramma Devi's accomplishments during her reign was the
completion of Warangal Fort, begun by her father, in the Kakatiya
capital of
Warangal (one stone hill). Parts of the fort are still standing,
including examples of distinctive Kakatiya sculpture. She worshipped
goddesses.
Bhadrakali, Ekaveera and Padmakshi.She captured important forts like
Mulikinadu, Renadu, Eruva,Mutthapi nadu, Satti.
Legend has it that due to her upbringing as a boy, Rani Rudrama was
not much a connoisseur of music and art, but she was quite taken by a
form of
Shiva Tandavam - Perini which was extinct and it was brought back by
Dr. Nataraja Ramakrishna. She found this dance more of an exercise to
the
soldiers and had it made part of the training of the royal force. You
can watch the dance form in the adjacent video being performed by
Perini Ravi
Teja & Perini Venkat.The queen had no much time to pursue arts and
literature during her reign.
After the death of Rudramadevi most probably in a battle,
Prataparudradeva II ( 1296-1323) son of her daughter Mummadamma
succeeded to the
throne. In fact Ganapathideva announced Prataparudra as crown prince in
his last days. The Muslim invasions on South India started during his
reign
and finally the Kakateeya Empire came to an end.
Rudrama Devi was one of the most outstanding queens in Indian
History from Kakateeya dynasty and people still cherish her memories.
Her Gender
did not come on her way in discharging the duties of her exalted office.
She took an active part in governing the country and strove hard to
promote
the best interests of the state. In spite of the wars which frequently
disturbed the country, her people remained contented and happy under
her
rule.
She had also a deep moat dug around it Marcopolo. the Venetian
traveller who paid a visit to the kingdom probably a little later,
speaks highly
of her administrative qualities, benign rule and greatness. She is one
among the valiant and distinguished queens such as Durgavathi of
Gondwana (
During Akbars times), Rani Chinnamma of Kittur ( During East India
Company’s rule), of Maharashtra ( Aurangzebs times), Rani Laxmi Bai of
Jhansi ( During East India Company’s rule), Razia sultana ( Early
period of Sultanate at Delhi) and her memory is immortal
Thursday, March 6, 2014
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